As a leader in wind energy research for nearly 50 years, the National Renewable Energy
Laboratory (NREL) is uniquely positioned to address the three “grand challenges” that will drive innovation in the wind industry: gaining improved understanding
of the wind resource and flow in the region of the atmosphere where wind power plants
operate, addressing the structural and system dynamics of wind turbines, and designing
and operating wind plants to support grid reliability.
The NREL wind program’s top 2020 achievements demonstrate not only the laboratory’s
scientific and research abilities, but also its clear vision for wind energy advancement.
Market predictions show rapid growth for offshore wind turbines over the next 10 years,
which will require tools that can help engineers and designers develop better-performing,
more cost-competitive wind turbines. To meet this need, NREL released the International
Energy Agency Wind Technology Collaboration Programme (IEA Wind) 15-MW reference wind
turbine, developed in collaboration with the Technical University of Denmark and the
University of Maine. This open-source model will provide industry, researchers, and
academics with a valuable benchmark for the next generation of offshore turbines,
upon which future innovation can be measured.
NREL’s new utility-scale substation, which supports the Advanced Research on Integrated Energy Systems (ARIES) research platform, experienced a utility-scale emergency. An early-September outage at NREL's Flatirons Campus cut power to the entire site,
including its servers, offices, and research hardware. ARIES successfully repowered the campus exactly as envisioned for renewable microgrid systems
of the future, and the campus ran on 100% renewable energy for 24 hours.
NREL’s unique Advanced Research on Integrated Energy Systems (ARIES) research platform
got the chance to prove its mettle when it successfully repowered the Flatirons Campus
after an outage in September. Photo by Dennis Schroeder, NREL
Designing and installing wind power plants is an expensive and time-consuming venture.
To help address these hurdles, NREL developed ExaWind, an open-source suite of physics
codes and libraries that enables multifidelity simulation of wind turbines and wind
power plants. These capabilities will help researchers tackle the intricacies of wind
plant flow dynamics and reduce the cost of wind-generated electricity—ultimately facilitating
more widespread deployment of wind energy in the United States.
4. Offshore Wind Research Yields Promising Data and Innovative Tools
In 2020, NREL research yielded data indicating an optimistic future for U.S. offshore
wind, as well as the tools to help reach that future. Photo by Dennis Schroeder, NREL
Over the past 5 years, offshore wind energy has developed into a robust industry characterized
by rapidly evolving technologies and decreasing costs. In 2020, NREL researchers led
offshore wind advancement with studies like The Potential Impact of Offshore Wind Energy on a Future Power System in the U.S.
Northeast, which indicated that offshore wind energy could have a significant impact on power
system performance in the Northeastern United States, and NREL’s 2019 Offshore Wind Technology Data Update, which shows advancing technology, falling prices, and increased federal and state support
for the U.S. offshore wind industry. In addition, NREL researchers developed innovative
tools like the Offshore Renewables Balance-of-system and Installation Tool (ORBIT), which can be used to evaluate how expenses related to systems other than the capital
expenditures of the turbine vary as project characteristics, technology solutions,
and installation methodologies change.
Researchers at NREL are taking a plant-level, systems-engineering approach to maximize
offshore wind systems’ energy output, lifespan, and economic feasibility while minimizing
forces on individual wind turbines. Using the FLOw Redirection and Induction in Steady State (FLORIS) model to devise plant control and wake steering strategies and combining wake steering
with collective consensus controls to increase energy productivity, NREL’s wind plant
optimization innovations will help spur the growth of U.S. offshore wind.
In support of the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) collaborative Microgrids, Infrastructure Resilience, and Advanced Controls Launchpad (MIRACL) project, NREL invited wind turbine manufacturers to express their interest in installing
distributed-scale wind turbines as research hardware at NREL’s Flatirons Campus. The new turbines will advance distributed wind energy innovation and help build
wind assets at distributed scale as part of the larger ARIES platform.
In 2020, NREL researchers developed new technologies and techniques to monitor and
mitigate wind energy’s impact on coastal ecosystems. From evaluating the effectiveness
of ultrasonic deterrents in reducing bat-turbine interactions to measuring, modeling,
and mitigating the effects of wind projects on underwater environments, NREL researchers
are working hard to find solutions that keep wildlife safe above and below the ocean
surface.
8. Workforce Programs Help Prepare, Connect the Wind Workforce
While the wind energy industry employment grew more than 50% from 2015 to the end
of 2019, 68% of wind energy employers have difficulty filling entry-level jobs, and
83% of students or recent graduates who applied say it is hard to find a position
in wind energy. In 2020, NREL helped bridge this wind workforce gap through the DOE Collegiate Wind Competition, which provides college students hands-on, real-world wind energy technology and
project development experience, and through research that illuminates wind industry hiring processes and perspectives from job
seekers.
NREL helps prepare the future wind energy workforce through the U.S. Department of
Energy Collegiate Wind Competition, which provides college students the opportunity
to build the skills and industry connections that will help them find careers in the
wind industry. Photo by Werner Slocum, NREL
This wind resource map shows the multiyear average land-based wind speed at 100 meters
above surface level in Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island. With funding
from DOE, NREL developed a new series of wind resource maps to help audiences quickly
and easily understand an area’s comprehensive wind resource potential. Cartography by Billy J. Roberts, NREL
As states consider shifting more electricity generation to wind power and other clean
energy sources, developers need to consider several factors before putting turbines
in the ground. With funding from DOE, experts at NREL created a new series of wind
resource maps that provide easy-to-understand snapshots to help regional governments,
businesses, and civic leaders assess whether wind power makes sense for their communities.
Hybrid power plants—those that combine wind, solar, storage, and other renewable technologies—show
promise for providing significant value to the electric grid system. NREL is developing
analysis and optimization tools to help plant owners design more cost-efficient and grid-friendly hybrid renewable
energy plants, develop economies of scale, and increase their system value. This work
will help propel the commercialization of hybrid power plants that can increase the
potential for deployment of renewable energy in the United States and around the world.
In many ways, 2020 was a year like no other, but one thing remained constant: NREL’s
commitment to addressing the challenges of wind energy innovation and helping build
a more sustainable future.
