WindWatts for Distributed Wind

This NREL-led project seeks to improve distributed wind resource assessments using modern computational tools and data. Previously, this project was referred to as Tools Assessing Performance or TAP.

WindWatts aims to develop a simple tool for cost-effectively and accurately assessing wind resources without having to physically take direct measurements in the field. Improving the accuracy and reducing the cost of desktop, or virtual, wind resource assessments will help make distributed wind energy technologies more accessible to communities and businesses seeking to transition to carbon-free electricity resources.

WindWatts is a multilaboratory project funded by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Wind Energy Technologies Office, led by NREL, and supported by Argonne National Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory, and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.

WindWatts collaborators and advisors include members of the government, the wind energy industry, and academia. Throughout the project, these have included the U.S. Department of Energy, EAZ Wind, Bergey Wind Power, the Distributed Wind Energy Association, the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority, mCloud, Buffalo Renewables, Texas Tech University, University of Wyoming, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, and University of Colorado Boulder, and project partners helping to identify and minimize the risks and uncertainties in wind power plant operation and profitability.

Key Initiatives

The following initiatives are the key priorities of the WindWatts project.

Capabilities

To produce a wind resource estimate, the WindWatts tool first combines terrain inputs (such as land cover and elevation data) with the National Wind Resource Dataset (which is somewhat raw and course) and observational data (wind measurements). WindWatts performs a first pass of data manipulation based on geographic information systems and observations. Then it corrects for bias and downscales, horizontally/vertically. Those results, paired with information about the behavior of wind around obstacles, feed into a second data manipulation. The final data is incorporated into the WindWatts API, accessible by third-party tools.

The following tools and data were developed as part of the WindWatts project to better enable distributed wind resource assessments.

WIND Toolkit Long-Term Ensemble Dataset

The Wind Integration National Dataset Toolkit Long-Term Ensemble Dataset, developed by researchers at NREL, Argonne National Laboratory, and the University of Wyoming, provides wind resource data for the entire continental United States, Hawaii, and Alaska for 20 years (2001–2020). The data set is high resolution and covers above-ground heights from 10 to 1000 meters in 2- and 4-kilometer grids at 5-minute and 1-hour temporal resolutions.

Obstacle and Observation Data

The WindWatts team collected and quality controlled observational wind data from thousands of meteorological towers, airport weather stations, and a network of weather monitoring sites across the United States, as well as the Isolated Building Wake Experiment field campaign conducted by Los Alamos National Laboratory at the Texas Tech Wind Engineering Research Field Laboratory site. Data comes from dozens of sonic anemometers that measure the wake behind a rotatable rectangular building. These data sets are available on the U.S. Department of Energy’s Atmosphere to Electrons TAP page.

Obstacle Models

Researchers at Argonne National Laboratory and Los Alamos National Laboratory developed low-fidelity obstacle models that can be leveraged through the WindWatts API to evaluate trees and buildings that surround potential wind turbine sites.

WindWatts User Interface

The WindWatts user interface (known as a UI) is a graphical UI that allows users to select and zoom into their sites of interest on a map and click on the desired locations to view visualizations of the wind rose and selected summary statistics.

Publications

Performance of Wind Assessment Datasets in United States Coastal Areas, Wind Energy Science (2024)

WTK-LED: The WIND Toolkit Long-Term Ensemble Dataset, NREL Technical Report (2024)

Resource Assessment for Distributed Wind Energy: An Evaluation of Best-Practice Methods in the Continental U.S. Torque 2024, Journal of Physics (2024)

Tools for Assessing Performance FY 2023 Quarter 1 Report, Los Alamos National Laboratory Presentation (2023)

Tools Assessing Performance FY 2022 Quarter 4 Report, Los Alamos National Laboratory Technical Report (2022)

Validation of Wind Resource and Energy Production Simulations for Small Wind Turbines in the United States, Wind Energy Science (2022)

Evaluation of Obstacle Modelling Approaches for Resource Assessment and Small Wind Turbine Siting: Case Study in the Northern Netherlands, Wind Energy Science (2022)

Learn more about the project via the WindWatts Fact Sheet and download a list of WindWatts-related publications last updated September 2022.

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