NREL gathers data sets, conducts analysis, and develops tools to inform the efficient, sustainable, and equitable adoption and integration of solar energy.
![Two graphs show installed costs of utility and residential PV systems in 2020, 2021, 2022, and 2023. The utility costs have stayed relatively flat across all 4 years. The residential costs stayed flat from 2020 to 2022 and then declined in 2023.](/solar/market-research-analysis/assets/images/solar-pv-cost-benchmarks-feature.jpg)
Energy and Carbon Payback Times for Modern U.S. Utility Photovoltaic Systems, NREL Fact Sheet (2024)
Winter 2024 Solar Industry Update, NREL Presentation (2024)
Addressing Regulatory Challenges to Tribal Solar Development, NREL Technical Report (2023)
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